The last defence against the water 

The dikes along Jutland's west coast in Denmark, between Vester Vedsted and the road-carrying dam to the island of Rømø, are being renovated and reinforced to withstand rising sea levels and winter storms.

When the massive earth-moving machines drive along the crest of the historic King Christian X's Dike between Vester Vedsted and the road-carrying dam to the island of Rømø, the ground gives by several centimetres.

Several days of incessant rain have rendered the sub-base soft and slippery, making it difficult for COWI project manager Steen K. Nielsen to keep his footing on the crest of the dike.

Go on-site

Several times a week he and his colleagues from the supervision staff pull on their boots and go on-site to check the composition of adhesive clay and sand, that there are no clumps which could cause cracks in the dike and that the earth is sufficiently compact.  

16 km long barrier

After weathering 80 years of storms, King Christian X's Dike and Ballum-Astrup Dike, which form a 16 km long barrier between the Wadden Sea and the fields behind the dikes, are being renovated and reinforced. At the same time, the slope of the dike is being modified and three sluices in the area renovated.

Nature can sometimes show its teeth, particularly in winter when strong winds press the sea in towards coastal areas. In extreme weather the waves can rip holes in the grass covering the dikes or break them and flood the fields.

Able to withstand rises in sea level

A survey carried out by the Danish Coastal Authority in the late 1990s which proved that the dikes would not be able to withstand another 50 years of storms – as required by the Storm Flood Committee – sounded the alarm, and work got under way on a major dike reinforcement project.

The project means that plot owners whose land adjoins the dikes will retain their right to compensation in the event that their property or land are flooded.

Withstand rises in sea level

In addition, the dikes will be better able to withstand rises in sea level of up to 60 cm, as is forecast to occur this century by climate researchers. This problem of rising sea levels will also have to be taken into consideration when planning future building and construction projects.

Moving large amounts of earth

"This is an interesting project with many facets and challenges," says 41-year-old Steen K. Nielsen, who is responsible for inspection and construction management.

"We have only limited experience to draw on from similar projects. Plus it requires a tremendous logistical effort to remove such large quantities of earth. We are adding to the dike a total of 475,000 m³ of sand and adhesive clay, and moving a further 75,000 m³. That is the equivalent of about 70 football pitches to a depth of one metre. All in all, this is a major project that will cost in total DKK 47 million."

The project is being financed by the Ministry of Transport, the counties of Southern Jutland and Ribe, the municipalities of Skærbæk, Ribe and Bredebro, and the dike owner associations Digelaget for Kong Chr. X's Kog and Digelaget for Bredeådalen. COWI, the principal consultant for the project, is carrying out the work for the dike owners.

By Christina Tækker, cht@cowi.com
Posted: 27.10.2004



What is adhesive clay? 
Adhesive clay is a marine deposit formed by the tide. It is ideal for building dikes with, as it has the right mixture of sand, clay and silt, which are loose sediment deposits. It is durable and can withstand big waves and stormy weather and provides good conditions for grass to grow.

The clay is being taken from borrow ditches in the fields behind the dikes in layers up to two metres thick. Underneath the clay there is a base of sand which is also used. For this project there are three borrow ditches being utilised ranging in size from one to 22 hectares.